Unit IV Annotated Bibliography

Unit IV Annotated Bibliography

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Unit IV Annotated bibliography

Davis, A. (2011).Evolution of Home schooling. Distance Learning, 8(2), 29-35

The author focuses on the evolution of education from compulsory education in institutions towards home- schooling. She notes that compulsory education can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as the 1^st century in Israel, Prussia in Germany and other ancient civilizations. She adds that education during this period was but a privilege for the rich. Private education was only for the nobility and upper class families. Compulsory education in the colonies is claimed to have started in Massachusetts in the year 1647. The existing laws during the period demanded that all townships should establish grammar schools.

Compulsory education support was extensive in the United States up to the 20^th century. In the year, 1964 John Caldwell Holt aired his concerns about compulsory education and the entire American education system in his book How Children Fail. He noted that compulsory education distorted growth in young children and this could only be solved by providing home schooling. Home schooling grew in the United States because it was associated with uncertainty for the children and posed a risk to distortion of the natural growth process of children.

This has grown over the years and taken a variety of forms such as distance education through online learning platforms and correspondence courses. It is important to note that this strategy of instruction has been criticized for its inability to provide students with adequate and effective avenues for socialization and instruction. it impedes the development of social skills amongst children, which should be developed from a young age for a high level of effectiveness.

Hasler-Waters, L., Barbour, M.-K., & Menchaca, M.-P. (2014).The nature of online charter Schools: Evolution and Emerging Concerns. Educational Technology & Society, 17 (4),379-389

The author notes that the emergence of online charter schools around the country and more so for K-12 students is increasingly becoming common. They are a fulltime and public learning platform that provide for online instruction with inclination towards home schooling and traditional instruction practices. Online charter institutions are partially funded by the state and operated by private educational entities. The primary concerns in the public domain include the lack of evidence to illustrate the effectiveness of such institutions.

In addition, the proponents of this form of education note that they are cost effective avenues for instruction. They are able to access remote and diverse student population and thus in the process providing cheap education for the unschooled population. Students are provided with the opportunity to undertake education at their respective paces. In addition, this mode of learning also provides individuals with learning flexibility thus enabling students to schedule their work based on needs and preferences.

Green, H. & Greene, M. (August 2007). There’s no place like home: as the home-schooled population grows, colleges and universities must increase enrollment efforts targeted to this group. Admissions.

The authors note that the increased numbers of home schooled students should necessitate the need for tertiary institutions to shift their focus on this group of learners. In addition, the authors use examples of high performing students to illustrate that home schooling can be highly effective for instruction as it provides a secure learning environment. Home schooling provides a diverse segment for new student enrollment into universities given the presence of varied skills, backgrounds, intellectual capability, and culture. This is important towards developing multicultural institutions that have a high regard for diversity and social interactions amongst students.

Cogan, M. F. (Summer 2010). Exploring Academic outcomes of home schooled students. Journal of College Admission, 19-25

The author conducted an exploratory study that evaluated academic outcomes of students who are home schooled as they join medium sized institutions. The study was able to reveal that home school students usually have higher achievements in terms of their respective ACT scores, grade point averages (GPA) and graduation rates as compared to other students who are products of traditional instruction methods. In addition, the study was also able to note that home schooled students within their first and last years of college score high GPAs with control over pre-college, demographic, engagement and first semester factors. Furthermore, there are no significant differences between home schooled students and traditionally educated students when control was made of such factors.

Swain, T. (n.d.). Homeschooling. Columbia Southern University.

The author notes that education in the United States is compulsory for all individuals. However, a high number of American parents are opting to provide non-traditional schooling for their children as opposed to ensuring that they attend schooling within government or private institutions. Schooling is increasingly becoming an common occurrence for American students given that it provides a personalized and flexible approach towards instruction.

the parents together with their children are able to formulate strategies on school attendance based on individual willingness, ability and schedule. Disabled and disadvantaged students can use this platform as a means of ensuring that they optimize their capabilities and ability to attend schooling and in the process achieving educational goals and objectives. Furthermore, it ensures that students are able to learn in familiar and secure settings which influences individual performance.

References

Cogan, M. F. (Summer 2010). Exploring Academic outcomes of home schooled students. Journal of College Admission, 19-25

Davis, A. (2011).Evolution of Home schooling. Distance Learning, 8(2), 29-35

Green, H. & Greene, M. (August 2007). There’s no place like home: as the home-schooled population grows, colleges and universities must increase enrollment efforts targeted to this group. Admissions.

Hasler-Waters, L., Barbour, M.-K., & Menchaca, M.-P. (2014).The nature of online charter Schools: Evolution and Emerging Concerns. Educational Technology & Society, 17 (4),379-389

Swain, T. (n.d.). Homeschooling. Columbia Southern University.