Welfare

Welfare

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Welfare

  1. Introduction
  2. a) The aspect of welfare is largely concerned with the amelioration of utility, which imposes a consequential yet positive effect on the public by gratifying their needs and demands.
  3. b) Focus is directed towards public policy issues that actually affect all or most members of the society.
  4. c) The aim of this is to ensure that the problem is resolved or consistently contained.

Thesis Statement: The public policy problem under observation constitutes poverty, which can only be resolved by an innovative welfare system designed specifically for improving the lives of the affected many.

III.       Body

  1. a) The Scope and Nature of Poverty
  2. i) The foremost phase in developing proper policy resolutions involves attempts established at comprehending the nature and scope of the policy issue in question. The scope of poverty within most communities in the United States requires measurement, which may be applied in a myriad of ways.
  3. ii) More particularly, forms of measurement chiefly constitute qualitative and quantitative indices. For instance, the delineation created by the country’s Social Security Administration constitutes a quantitative index (Blank, 2008). Accordingly, a person or a unit such as a family is deemed ‘poor’ if the level of income falls under a particular reasonable and descriptive level.
  4. b) Public and Political Awareness of Poverty
  5. i) Awareness of the respective public policy problem from the public perspective was largely caused by the governmental interventions aimed at ameliorating the respective issue. In the early 1930s as well as the 1960s, programs focused on the facilitation of social welfare were developed and extended in order to provide for poor persons in the United States. This reliance on the respective schemes comprised one of the main causative agents responsible for the evolution of poverty into a considerable public policy issue.
  6. ii) On a political note, different institutions formed on basis of welfare dating back to the late 1800s and early 1900s provided welfare functions in an effort to achieve political favoritism hence raising the issue’s awareness (Beard, 2011).
  7. c) Evolution of Related Public Policy
  8. i) The Great Depression resulted in modifications within welfare policies across America. Millions of persons joined in the respective programs hence influencing the passage of the 1935 Social Security Act (Berger, 2012).
  9. ii) The next evolutionary phase was evidenced in the 1960s under the implementation of the 1965 Economic Opportunity Act. Further evolution was evidenced in the 1980s via the passage of the 1988 Family Support Act.

iii)        The final phase was illustrated by the implementation of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) scheme under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) (Beard, 2011).

  1. d) Level of Government and Actors Involved
  2. i) The federal government is primarily involved in the establishment of welfare programs as evidenced by the nationwide TANF program.
  3. ii) At the state level, state governments also assume welfare responsibilities via funding provided by the federal government via government welfare entities. Additionally, state governments accord the respective obligations to city and municipal agencies.

iii)        Lastly, non-governmental entities such as private charities exhibit involvement in the improvement of welfare particularly at the state level (DiNitto & Dye, 2009).

  1. e) The Intergovernmental Structure and Political Concerns
  2. i) Regarding welfare policies, the main issue is based on the interaction between the federal government and the local government. This is presently evidenced by the impact of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) on welfare policies employed by states (DiNitto & Dye, 2009).
  3. ii) The federal government regulates the funding that states require for the policies in question. However, with PWORA in effect, states can only receive fixed amounts of TANF-related grants awarded by the federal government. Such concerns are further illustrated by the disparities in terms of welfare benefits that states receive in comparison to one another (DiNitto & Dye, 2009).
  4. f) Conflicting Public Opinion and Impact on Policy Solutions
  5. i) Some argue that welfare programs, especially those implemented recently under the PRWORA statute, impose a positive implication on the amelioration of poverty across the United States (DiNitto & Dye, 2009).
  6. ii) Some argue against the respective implementations by asserting that they are responsible for inflicting more damage due to aspects such as welfare dependency (DiNitto & Dye, 2009).

iii)        In this respect, policy solutions have undergone consistent modification in an effort to curtail reliance and simultaneously, solve the issue of poverty by determining the exact causative agents.

  1. g) Approaches to Policy Formulation, Adoption, and Evaluation
  2. i) Approaches regarding policy formulation involve developing proper measures of action aimed at the resolution of poverty via the inclusion of both technical and political facets.
  3. ii) The adoption of the respective policies involves approval via the implementation of a correlating legislation.

iii)        Evaluation of the policies in question comprises assessing whether the included courses of action accomplish the expected aims (Agénor, 2013).

  1. h) Suggested Policy Direction and Future Impact
  2. i) Welfare policies aimed at the amelioration of the poor are focused on the integration of employment and welfare. In this respect, the affected individuals are provided with basic work opportunities that assist them in attaining a particular level of income.
  3. ii) The federal government provides grants via the TANF that further aid such individuals and their respective families in attaining necessities in conjunction with other schemes such as healthcare programs (Agénor, 2013).

iii)        The future effect involves a reduction in welfare dependency among the affected.

III.       Conclusion

  1. Welfare policies are focused considerably on improving the conditions of the members of the public.
  2. The key public policy issue in this discussion involves poverty, which affects millions of people in the United States.
  • Despite policy failures dating back to the Great Depression, present policy resolutions are focused on managing the issue by decreasing welfare dependency and understanding the causes of poverty.

 

 

 

 

References

Agénor, P. R. (2013). Public capital, growth, and welfare: Analytical foundations for public policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Beard, C. A. (2011). Public policy and the general welfare. New York, NY: Farrar and Rinehart.

Berger, J. (2012). Saving social security. H. W. Wilson Co.: New York, NY.

Blank, R. M. (2008). How to improve poverty measurement in the United States. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 27(2), 233-254.

DiNitto, D. M., & Dye, T. R. (2009). Social welfare: Politics and public policy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

 

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